Thursday, August 27, 2020

Coffee Bean Free Essays

Presently, the cost of espresso in the market is exceptionally high, yet ranchers get less cash than what they do. Besides, when world espresso costs rise, the value that clients pay in the shops as a rule goes up as well. However, when world espresso costs fall, the cost in the shops doesn’t descend. We will compose a custom exposition test on Espresso Bean or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now As indicated by www. newint. organization, espresso is a multi-million dollar industry, yet the benefits don’t go to the ranchers who really strive to develop the espresso beans, and convey all the dangers of bombing crops or falling costs. A large portion of the benefits go to the shippers, roasters and retailers. For instance, while some espresso costs $4-5, ranchers get just 10% of that cost. To summarize, this is unjustifiable with ranchers who ought to get more cash for their espresso items. Other than the cost of espresso beans is low, theorists additionally make the value pressure with the farmers’ creations. For instance, subsequent to gathering the espresso beans, ranchers quickly need to offer their items to gather the capital and plan for next season. That is the motivation behind why ranchers don’t have great cost. So as to get value solidness, Fair Trade has risen to assist ranchers with their items. As indicated by www. fairtrade. net, Fair Trade espresso makers are little family cultivates sorted out in cooperatives or affiliations which the ranchers possess and administer equitably. In this way, in the wake of joining Fair Trade, the cost of espresso beans will be steady when ranchers have gathered it. To summarize, ranchers are more cash as well as rely upon cost. Be that as it may, there are lower quality espresso beans which are sold at a value equivalent to the cost of good quality espresso through reasonable exchange. On the off chance that ranchers participated in Fair Trade, every one of their items which are fortunate or unfortunate likewise sold a similar value that isn't reasonable. As indicated by www. ssireview. organization, Fair Trade-confirmed espresso is developing in customer commonality and deals, yet severe accreditation necessities are bringing about lopsided monetary favorable circumstances for espresso cultivators and lower quality espresso for shoppers. Ranchers are selling an unexpected thing in comparison to they are delivering. For example, 1 pack of good quality espresso is sold at more significant expense than 1 sack of lower quality espresso in the market. On the off chance that ranchers participated in Fair Trade, those two packs would sell a similar cost. To summarize, ranchers ought not get more cash with their lower items. Furthermore, to have the option to procure more cash, while the cost of espresso beans in the market isn’t high, ranchers need to have more items which offer to raise their pay. That motivation behind why the administration should bolster about the capital and lower loan costs those ranchers can create more creations. What's more, the legislature ought to contribute for research new assortments with more significant returns. For example, the administration will loan to ranchers to purchase materials, after the collect, ranchers would take care of for the legislature. All things considered, if there are more yields and creations, ranchers would win more cash without lower cost. The most effective method to refer to Coffee Bean, Essay models

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Over 50% of the world lives in poverty, isn’t this devastating Free Essays

There are numerous implications to the word â€Å"poverty.† Many of us relate it to the idea of vagrants living on roads or to individuals living in cruel conditions without cash of food. We as a whole have our own suppositions, yet what truly is neediness? Is it what most of us consider? Or on the other hand is it just the condition of being poor? The word â€Å"poverty† has numerous implications and definitions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Over half of the world lives in neediness, isn’t this staggering? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Many accept that this word can mean â€Å"not having an education† or â€Å"living in the condition of hunger† or â€Å"abuse† or living without cover, or even simply being â€Å"lonely.† Some of the explanations behind somebody to be living in the condition of destitution could connection to â€Å"war† â€Å"famine† or even on the grounds that â€Å"parents or individuals from family have passed away.† Statistics obviously demonstrate that â€Å"one out of 120 individuals have needed to leave their homes due to war† Isn’t this horrifying? Neediness can be seen, and furthermore not seen. For instance, in certain pieces of the world you can plainly observe individuals enduring in destitution, a few people might be destitute; some may even be experiencing ailment that can not be relieved because of absence of cash. Be that as it may, a few kinds of neediness can not be seen. For instance, retired people like Mrs Pankania need to settle on a choices between purchasing enough to eat to being warm in the winter. This is on the grounds that a few beneficiaries have a low annuity and can’t appreciate extravagances like us. How might you feel on the off chance that you needed to settle on a choice among warmth and food? What would you be able to do to Help? As you are most likely mindful, living in the condition of neediness would presumably be unforgiving. Here are a few hints for you to help out these appalling individuals and make their lives a superior spot. Uzairs Top Tips 1.) If you are strolling down the road, with a bunch of undesirable change, and you know the your not so much going to deal with it keep it until you go over a cause box. 2.) Make your own foundation box. Locate an old container that’s NOT being utilized and write in strong words-CHARITY! Advise your loved ones to place old change into to it and you will gradually see that the sum in the container show gradually increment. 3.) As said in tip 2, make a cause box, yet this time offer one to a sibling or sister and have a race to see who can fill their foundation box the fastest. â€Å"Hopefully these tips will help those in destitution and make their lives a superior place† Step by step instructions to refer to Over half of the world lives in neediness, isn’t this overwhelming?, Papers

Friday, August 21, 2020

Monday link roundup 4 subprime stories you need to know - Inside Subprime 10

Monday link roundup 4 subprime stories you need to know - Inside Subprime 10/16/17 Monday link roundup:  4 subprime stories you need to know Monday link roundup:  4 subprime stories you need to knowInside Subprime: October, 16, 2017By Caroline ThompsonGood morning! Here are  four subprime stories you may have missed this weekend.SoFi retracts application to become a bank amid sexual harassment scandal.We reported last month that online lender SoFi may have ruined its chances of gaining a banking license after reports of deep rooted sexual misconduct surfaced. Now it seems the bank has given up this particular dream.  â€œWith SoFi’s leadership in transition, we’re withdrawing our application with the FDIC for now,”  said a SoFi spokesman. A bank charter remains an attractive option when the time is right. Read more at The Wall Street Journal.IRS (finally) cuts ties with Equifax after second hack.  Despite the hack that cost 145.5 million Americans their sense of financial security, the IRS still awarded disgraced credit bureau Equifax a $7 million contract last month. But it seems even the federal government has its limit for nonsense. Last week, the Equifax site was hacked once again, and that was the final straw. The IRS announced on Friday that it would be suspending  its contract with the bureau as a precautionary step. Read more at CBS News.Two  men found guilty of online payday lending scam.  Scott Tucker and Timothy Muir were found guilty on Friday of running an illegal, online payday lending enterprise that charged up to 1,000 percent in interest. Both men face lengthy prison terms, and will be on house arrest until they are sentenced on January 5. Read more at  The Kansas City Star.Click here for more information on why payday loans are a bad, bad idea.FTC  announces nationwide crackdown on student debt relief scams.In partnership with 11 states across the nation, the Federal Trade Commission has announced it plans to crack down on deceptive debt relief scams that defrauded student borrowers out of $95 million over the past few years. Theyre calling it Game of Loans, and the official p ress release is filled with some GOT puns for the ages:  â€œWinter is coming for debt relief scams that prey on hardworking Americans struggling to pay back their student loans,” said Maureen K. Ohlhausen, FTC Acting Chairman. “The FTC is proud to work with state partners to protect consumers from these scams, help them learn how to spot a scam, and let them know where to go for legitimate help.” Read more at FTC.gov.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Monday, May 25, 2020

the yellow wallpaper disscuss mental illness - 2208 Words

DISSCUSS THE WAY IN WHICH GILMAN WRITES ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper, relays to the reader something more than a simple story of a woman at the mercy of the limited medical knowledge in the late 1800 s. Gilman creates a character that expresses real emotions and a psyche that can be examined in the context of modern understanding. The Yellow Wallpaper, written in first person and first published in 1892 in the January edition of the New England Magazine, depicts the downward spiral of depression, loss of control and competence, and feelings of worthlessness that lead to greater depression and the possibility of schizophrenia. The beginning emphasis will be on the interaction and roles of the†¦show more content†¦John could have obtained council from someone less personally involved in her case, but the only help he sought was for the condition of the house and the baby. He obtained a nanny to watch over the children while he was away at work each day: It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. He also had his sister Jennie take care of the house. She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper. There is one instance, however, when he does talk of taking her to an expert for assistance, John says if I don t pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall. Nevertheless she took that as a threat since Dr. Mitchell was even more domineering than her husband and his brother. Perhaps, if she had been allowed to come and go and do as she pleased her depression might have lifted, I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and res t me. It seems to her that just being able to tell someone how she really feels would have eased her depression, but her husband would not hear of it because of the embarrassing consequences it could bring to the family name. Thus, John has made her a prisoner in their marriage where her opinions are pushed aside, and her self-worthiness questioned. She does have a rebellious spirit in her and the fact that this spirit is being crushed is the final nail towards her insanity. Her desperation is almost like someone being buried alive and screaming knowing that there are people

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Research Communication Competition - 1038 Words

New thesis competition Nine graduate-level students competed in Illinois State’s inaugural Three-Minute Thesis (3MT) competition held in February in front of a large audience in the Normal Theater. The research communication competition, devised by the University of Queensland in Australia, challenges master’s and Ph.D. students to describe their scholarly topic and its significance to a general audience in three minutes or less. The top finishers at the event received cash prizes, and the winner qualified for the Midwest Association of Graduate Schools competition. Illinois State’s Graduate School organized the event, which was co-sponsored by the Normal Theater and WGLT radio station. The event was important because it gave the students†¦show more content†¦The professor and an Illinois State alumnus worked with NREL toward establishing an â€Å"energy optimization platform† specifically designed for U.S. colleges and universities. Strategy 3: Recruit and retain high-quality, diverse faculty and staff. Military affinity group A new military affinity group was formed to help faculty and staff gain military cultural competency and assist the institution in recruiting and retaining those who are veterans or associated with someone in the military. Teaching podcast The Center for Teaching, Learning, and Technology launched its Let’s Talk Teaching podcast. Each weekly episode explores different topics related to classroom experience, best teaching practices, common challenges, and ways to enhance student learning. Culture of respect A cross-divisional campus leadership team participated in the Student Affairs Administration in Higher Education Culture of Respect Collective to learn how to engage campus and community stakeholders to commit to collaboratively ending sexual violence at Illinois State University. The team provides leadership, planning, and oversight for sexual violence prevention and response initiatives at Illinois State University. Strategy 4: Strengthen the University’s commitment to civic engagement. Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning The University opened the Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning. The center’s purpose is to bring clarity of vision andShow MoreRelatedA Changing Telecommunication Market1462 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last two decades, the telecommunication market has undoubtedly been amongst one of the fastest growing markets. Telecommunications, by definition, is anything that allows communications over a distance. The industry has diverged into developing many more discrete mediums for which we just to communicate. As demand grew, the number of companies that developed and sold telecommunications devices grew as well and meets almost every imaginable demand and niche available in the market. The telecommunicationsRead MoreHow to Resolve Conflict Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent forms of conflict and not all of them are considered to be bad. This paper will discuss the causes of conflict, the different types of conflict, and barriers to conflict. According to Communication Research Associates, conflict is a condition of imbalance within an individual (Communication Research Associates, 2005, p. 178). Keep in mind that just as there are disadvantages to conflict, there are also several advantages. In order to identify and resolve conflict, one must first understandRead MoreMarketing and Overall Communications Objectives963 Words   |  4 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communications Plan Outline 1.0 Executive Summary The executive summary is an important piece to your IMC Plan. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Marketing Research Analysis Coca-Cola

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Research Analysis for Coca-Cola. Answer: Strategic Marketing Plan: The marketing plan of Coca-cola is always perfect and in world, they are the top seller in the soft drink sector. They launched their first purified bottled water Dasani, in USA, in the year 1999. After its huge success they launch the product in UK market, spending millions of pound ( De Mooij, 2013). Mission Statement: The main objective of Coca-cola was to refresh and benefit everyone at its reach. The marketing plan objectives were mainly focussed on three criteria: To build strong customer awareness for the new product Dasani. To create wide recognition for brand by capturing market share in drinks segment. To become the market leader in the drink segment with projected sales figure. Effectiveness of Mission Statement: Coca-cola has a broad market base in terms of consumer. The company focuses on different sector of consumer. Coca-cola targets consumer throughout the world and from different cultural backgrounds. Therefore, nobody thought that launching of Dasani bottled water in UK will be a debacle for such a knowledgeable company Coca-cola. Still just only five weeks after its launch, Coca-cola was forced to take all the bottled water off the market of UK. Coca-cola launched their product Dasani, using the logo Pure, still water. However, the Food Standard Agency claimed this misleading as they added magnesium and calcium during the process of filtration. Coca-cola did not understand the fact that European consumers are different from the the US consumers about purchasing of bottled water. The water source is one of the key factors, as the market is exposed to several mineral water and spring water brands (Schuhmann, 2016). Effectiveness of Dasani in U.K The biggest issue in the failure of Dasani was that they were using local tap water to purify, unlike other bottled water, which was using water from alpine glaciers or a natural precious spring (Carroll, 2016). As discussed by Simon Mowbray, there were many people, who were well known about the source of Dasani and he himself mentioned the fact in Grocer magazine, but did not think that anyone will raise the issue. However, in real, it was actually like a bomb, which was waiting to go off. Distilled tap water with minerals added to it, can only be termed as substandard product in well-informed and sophisticated bottled water market. Main reasons behind the failure of Dasani were Misleading communication and lack of clearness: The product was advertised as pure and natural mineral water, which in real was not true. The company was forced to back off from its positions, when Food Standards Agency (FSA) discovered it and they lost their face in market (Jaffee and Newman, 2013). Provoked retail partners: Coca-cola tried to bully traders for not to stock other brands of bottled water. However, it did not turned well and made the issue more complicated for Dasani. Immature communication of corporate personnel: During the press conference, top-level officials of the company communicated in a unprofessional and irresponsible manner. A remorseful approach could have managed the damage to some extent. Controversies with Food Standard Agency: They faced arguments with FSA also, as they found Dasanis label misleading (Jaffee and Newman, 2013). Coca-cola could launch Dasani again with the same source of water but distributors, retailers, shareholders and consumers lacked their confidence on the product due to contamination and unfavourable media approach. Therefore, the only available option to the company was to launch Dasani again, using different source of water and communicate clearly to the media that the product is now safe and natural source of water is used for bottling. The company must build a clear strategy for the brand. Alternatively, it could buy an established, existing brand of water. Though, it as an expensive alternative, but there is opportunities of further development through Coca-colas strong marketing and distribution channel (Collins and Wright, 2014). Performance objective and Metrics Financial performance metrics Social responsibility Metrics Coca-colas very first attempt to launch bottled water, named Dasani turned out to be a biggest failure. Company was forced to recall its 500000 bottles of Dasani on the issue of using tap water as source only after five weeks of its launch. The price of Dasani bottled water was at 95p, whereas the price of original source water for each bottle was 0.03p only. This means they were earning a profit percentage of more than 3000%. The product was advertised as pure and natural mineral water, which in real was not true. The Food Standard Agency claimed that they added magnesium and calcium during the process of filtration. This was very irresponsible approach towards society. Table: Performance, financial and social responsibility metrics (Source: Carroll, 2016) References: Carroll, C. (2016). 1 The Dasani Controversy: A Case Study of How the.The Crisis of Food Brands: Sustaining Safe, Innovative and Competitive Food Supply, 3. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=Kdi_CwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT42dq=Carroll,+C.+(2016).+1+The+Dasani+Controversy:+A+Case+Study+of+How+the.+The+Crisis+of+Food+Brands:+Sustaining+Safe,+Innovative+and+Competitive+Food+Supply,+3.ots=oXZoih3vLGsig=hz0zB57hpFodOtOWUNW50PcTL6M#v=onepageqf=false Collins, H., Wright, A. (2014). Still Sparkling: The Phenomenon of Bottled WaterAn Irish Context.Journal of Marketing Management,2(1), 15-31. Retrieved from:https://jmm-net.com/journals/jmm/Vol_2_No_1_March_2014/2.pdf De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications.Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=YbGNAQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=coca-cola+marketing+strategyots=_BY6tOkf9Asig=TKaI_DJ-aE6UcQ27haYLvQl6yyE#v=onepageqf=false Jaffee, D., Newman, S. (2013). A more perfect commodity: bottled water, global accumulation, and local contestation.Rural Sociology,78(1), 1-28. Retrieved from:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00095.x/full Schuhmann, E. (2016). Framing bottled water: an analysis of the framing contest between the anti-bottled water movement and the bottled water industry. Retrievedfrom:https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd/2422/?utm_source=ir.library.louisville.edu%2Fetd%2F2422utm_medium=PDFutm_campaign=PDFCoverPages

Monday, March 9, 2020

Indentured Servanthood in the Colonies essays

Indentured Servanthood in the Colonies essays During the Colonial period many people from Europe arrived in America to live as indentured servants. There were many reasons why immigrants made their way to the colonies, but the most prominent reason was a simple one - a chance at a better life. Documented accounts give us various perspectives of the men and women who took the risk of travelling the dangerous ocean (in a questionable vessel), to live a life of servitude in America. Most indentured servants were treated with disdain, and when we look at the written accounts of these individuals, it's evident that those who left their homeland in search of a new beginning often got more than they bargained for. Physical, mental and sexual abuse, starvation, extreme neglect, violence and corrupted land-owners awaited them. Those who came to America for the purpose of service believed that working for the Master of a home would give them a life of opportunity. Many European immigrants financed their migration by signing a contract that obligated them to a certain amount of time or a fixed term of service. After completion of their commitment, they were told that they'd receive freedom, a foot in the door of independence and the success that comes from living as a free man or woman in America. Unfortunately, these promises were empty and misleading. Mittelberger stated that those who had no formal contracts were auctioned off to the highest bidder upon arrival. The immigrant became property, losing the affects and respect that should be given to every human being. Personal accounts of indentured servants give us a grim view of their quality of life with their problems and hardships beginning well before they arrived in America. Once they boarded the ship that would take them to their new life, troubles began. Many became sick and died on the six month journey. Those who lost a loved one at sea were indentured not only for themselves, but also for the one...

Saturday, February 22, 2020

MSc PROJECT MANAGEMENT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MSc PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example Senior management in children’s services indiscriminately punish employees for inadequacies in the assessment and referral systems. Although many analysts are of the opinion that ineffective implementations account for the errors, they decry the practice by management to blame and punish employees overlooking the assessment and referral processes. The result has been a consistent practice by employees to cover up errors occurring in the systems (Broadhurst et al., 2000). In addition, the workers take a more laid-back approach to disseminating feedback that helps the management to pinpoint functional and operational challenges in the systems. The overarching impact of this gap in communication between the employees and management is the clear impediment to innovation and continuous management necessary of all technology-based information systems. The vicious cycle of malpractices in the system has resulted in stagnation in the innovation process and the consequential failures o f the modernized assessment and referral. Many experts think the current flaws in the referral and assessment systems are traceable to the initial design frameworks of the systems. The approach taken by healthcare management left out key steps in the introduction and implementation of the computerised systems. Some of the problems included lack of careful assessment of the functions of the modernised systems (Kaye et al., 2004). Proper staff retraining was also necessary for effective transition from the manual systems to the automated system. Pushing to the periphery the needs and input from various stakeholders contributes to the current difficulties in the current modernised assessment and referral systems. The heavy level of investment in technological facilities seems to have done little to improve the quality of service delivery through the modernised assessment and referral systems. The

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

QA Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

QA Models - Essay Example eving a successful minimization of low quality of standards and increasing high quality of standards is through the use of quality assurance (QA) Models. Godfrey (1999) explains that a QA model elaborates how a reviewer reviewing a transaction that has been completed provides a feedback on the quality of the translation. It spells out the types of error a reviewer can record and the severity level of the errors. These models are not the most elaborate and complex mathematically due to the type of errors they detect. For example, they detect like spelling or mistranslation errors. There are various QA models that can be utilized by a management to ensure high quality of standards are maintained in their organization. An example of this is the unique L&D QA models. These models are widely used in fields such as banking, insurance, retailing organizations in the public sector like police, healthcare, fire and rescue services. Thareja and Thareja (2007) state that due to their elaborate methodologies, these models have about exceptional results in these organizations whenever they are used. Feldman (2005) explains that in the LISA QA model, errors are categorised as either being critical, major or minor. The fact that they do not give the exact value or degree of severity of the errors shows that they are not the most elaborate and complex mathematically. Even where scores are given, they tend to be rough estimates for example in this model, al numbers entered are multiplied by weighing figures. Minor errors are given a value of one, major errors a value of 5 and critical errors a value of 10. This means if there are two minor and two critical errors, they generate score of 2 and 10 respectively. This means they are not in a position to indicate those errors whose levels of severities could score between 2 and 10. Errors in the SAE J2450 QA model are categorised into minor and serious. This model is similar to the LISA QA model in that the number and security of

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Adopting Agile Project Management Methodology Management Essay

Adopting Agile Project Management Methodology Management Essay Agile project management is considered as one of the flexible and interactive project management approach. Agile methodology, as its meaning would suggest, is adopted for rapid development projects. It is very much different than the traditional project management technique which is considered to be more structured and disciplined. Deliberate planning and designing various control methods is inherent part of the traditional style. Normally all the tasks are completed in a predefined sequence to ensure the success which requires lot of planning to be done up front. Evolution: As the business processes became more and more complex they also became more interdependent than ever before. Along with the processes the organizational structure of business also changed in order to support complex communities, comprised of alliances with strategic suppliers, outsourcing vendors and partnerships and ever increasing competitors. With time-to-market compression and rapidly changing technologies fast track development has become the order of the day for most of the business. This increased importance of agile project management methodologies. Agile management is derived from the agile software development and hence it is a variant of iterative life cycle process.   In agile methodology, the evaluation of the project requirements and the end product/solution is a collaborative effort between self-organized, cross-functional teams across the organization or may be from different organizations. Comparison with Traditional Approach Agile project management methodology differs from traditional project management methodology which gives more attention to making software development a better process and hence it gives importance to contract negotiation (managing scope), comprehensive documentation, maintaining and following a project plan with the help of various processes and tools. In contrast, Agile methodology gives stress upon working software and responding to constant changes and there by gaining customer satisfaction. Having frequent client interactions is one of the most important attribute to the success of this approach. Challenges Associated with Agile Methodology Many companies, such as IBM, have adopted agile development because of its underlying benefits of being flexible, simple and fast. The customer centric approach of this methodology makes it very popular amongst the customers and also the possibility of project being self supporting even in the initial stages lures businessmen towards it. Because of these and many other advantages the some of the inherent problems such scope management, risk management issues are overlooked. Normally these issues arise due to lack of planning and documentation for the project, which goes against the agile methodology. This also raises the possibility of indentifying problems/dependencies in the later part of the projects. The complete development becomes person dependant rather than process dependant and team dynamics and HR strategies in the company becomes key ingredients in the success of project. It should be noted that as such process also adds an additional variable in the form customers. Customers get an influential seat at the table to shape the value proposition of the project as it unfolds. They are actively involved in the development process to establish, prioritize, and verify requirements at each and every stage. The ability of agile methodology to adapt to changing customer priorities and requirements keep the project current and relevant. But with such frequent changes in the requirements and scope of the project, strong commitment to the business milestones, which is one of the features of agile methodology, becomes difficult if the project is not managed properly. Because of the high dependency on team dynamics it is often difficult to apply agile methodologies to large project teams and large scale projects, where better planning is required. But it suits the company having culture of innovation as the focus is never shifted from exploratory development to planning and controlling. Research Objective As seen above there are positives and negatives of both the project management methodologies. According a survey taken by one of the leading companies, about 50% of business correspondents claim that agile methods had been successful in about 95% of their projects, where are remaining say that such methods are still too premature and require extensive academic proof/research. I am hoping that through this research paper I am able to explore the challenges faced by such business correspondents while implementing agile project management methodology. I will try to find if adopting agile methodology guaranties success. This paper will also focus on handling change management, risk management, HR issues and Team management issues. Research will stress on various ways of tackling these problems to increase the probability of success. The research will also touch upon adopting the traditional project management activities such as project plan, earned value analysis, balance sheets into the agile project management. The Common practices followed in different types of methodologies for agile project management such as SCRUM, XP, CRYSTAL, EVO will also be discussed in this paper. Sources: Project Management the Agile Way: Making It Work in the Enterprise   By John C. Goodpasture The Blending of Traditional and Agile Management By Kathleen B. Hass, Published in PM World Today May 2007 (Vol. IX, Issue V) Agile Project Management Methods for IT Projects By Glen B. Alleman Wikipedia

Monday, January 20, 2020

Skills to inspire :: essays research papers

Assertiveness: Skills to Inspire Confidence INSTRUCTOR OUTLINE OUTLINE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  METHOD  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NOTES Introductions  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PSI Class: Large Group Reg Class: Pairs interview/intro each other to class  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Participant intro + answer: PSI re: most memorable/proud moment during senior year Reg re: most impt part of their job Objectives  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lecture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PG 1 Communication Styles Defined   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Small GroupsF/C paper on wall by tables  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  O/H Slides – 3 ?’sLecture – O/H slides  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PG 2 - Break large group into three or six small groups, depending on size of class. Each group charts per their belief– words/ pictures of characteristics: actions, verbals, behaviors, etc. of that particular style – 1 term/grouppassive, assertive, aggressive, passive aggressive (p.a. between aggressive and passive)Instructor show assertive example: stick hand out/smile/shake handsShow O/H with following 3 questions and ask groups to answer:1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What affect does that style have on you? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What affect does that style have on the person you are communicating with?3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In what situation would this style be most effective?(i.e.Aggressive: being ignored, no one is listening to you; Passive: exchange is getting violent/angry.. to calm down situation; Assertive: argument with good friend, want to resolve to keep friend); Passive Aggressive: in conflict with untrustworthy person – protect self interest while seeking solution (sarcasm, mother-in-law syndrome, snide remarks, in genuine)Small groups report on their lists and answers to questions. - Instructor charts responses on line chart under appropriate behavior area- Instructor invites other participants to add to the lists. Close activity with lecture – Let’s see if we missed anything (Review O/H’s) â€Å"Assertiveness &Customer Service†Sheet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Large Group DiscussionExtra handout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refer back to line chart:We want to stay here . assertive areaHow do we know when we cross over from one area to another? We tend to reflect the behavior we’re exposed to in the situation:Distribute and discuss extra handout – â€Å"Assertiveness & Customer Service†: - We, like most customers, prefer dealing with assertive people. Read this over .. which characteristics are most familiar to you?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  instructor emphasizes visualization on line chart how cross from one behavior area into another when behavior is out of control(i.e. Statement like â€Å"I win/You lose = indicates interest solely in self / not int’d in any win for other person .. have moved to aggressive)(i.e. do reverse for Passive: â€Å"I lose/You win = No interest in self/ only in giving win to other person) What’s My Style - - Self AssessmentBroken Record Technique  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Individual ExerciseLarge Group DiscussionO/H – Basic TechniquesLecture  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PG 3 & 4Do Self assessment – PG 3Answer questions on PG 4Share

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Psychoanalytical Approach to Family Counseling Essay

Whether one is conscious of it or not, we all have our respective worldviews. The way we view life in general and our approach to it is the worldview that control and guide us in every decision that we make – in the way we cope pressures, and even as we celebrate and enjoy good days. Since on a particular worldview a person stands or falls, it is very important to constantly check and evaluate one’s philosophy of life. If I will be asked the question: â€Å"Which philosophy is the best philosophy? † The best answer that I can come up with is, â€Å"Of course, the philosophy that encourages intellectual development. † Christianity is a religion that has been compared, every now and then, to many philosophical persuasions; and most of the time, it was either mixed with other worldviews which were totally strange to it, or the proponents of other strange worldviews have attempted to enjoin Christianity to their philosophy, which inevitably have resulted in confusion and clever duplicity in individuals who follow and experiment into this game (Cheung, 2007, p. 34). For generations, people in different civilizations have become witnesses of how their fellows advocated multiple philosophical disciplines. In fact, today, if one would just observe closely, many hold a compound of various beliefs that got rooted and accumulated for years in the family via environmental conditioning. The by-product of this kind of influence is an individual who cope through the varying situations and circumstances of life with the competence of a chameleon. This kind of approach will not properly help in the development and growth of a person as he or she wades his/her way through college. Contrary to the perception of many, the Biblical Worldview is the one philosophy that encourages the pursuit of true knowledge. It, in fact, commands the engagement of the intellect in the pursuit and exploration of true scientific studies. What precipitated the period of Enlightenment? Was it not when people were hungry for the Truth (Shelley, 1982, p. 55)? And these are periods in the history of humankind when the Biblical Worldview was being brought to the fore of society’s endeavors. If there are two philosophies that developed naturally from one to another, they are Judaism and Christianity. The flow of growth from beginning to consummation is recorded in the Old and the New Testament of the Bible (Escalona, 2008, p. 87). B. Literature review The Extent of Usefulness of the Theory A survey in literature reveals that there is little evidence so far in studies that deliberately seek to determine the efficacies of psychodynamic approach in comparison with any of the other approaches in the treatment of abnormal behavior. A few which came out, in particular one research looked into the applicability of treatment in anorexia and bulimia cases which utilized the psychodynamic model and other models such as cognitive orientation treatment. Results of the experiment by Bachar et al (1999, p. 67) showed positive outcomes where this particular approach was used. It must be remembered that mainstream psychology and psychiatry widely use the cognitive model in explaining and treating abnormal behavior. In the controlled, randomized study by Bachar and team members however, the research highlighted the efficacy of psychodynamic approach in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia disorders. Other studies however show that therapists usually employ a combination of cognitive and psychodynamic approaches or an integrative method in the psychological treatments and interventions (Kasl-Godley, 2000, p. 92). Many of the cases today then, support this view rather than a single method in an efficacious treatment of many of these mental and emotional diseases. The disadvantages of the psychodynamic approach in many of the studies done based on a using this as a single method is that of the apparent difficulty of precise measurements on the treatment procedure itself. The approach usually is limited by whether it can be exactly replicated. Specifically, one other limitation or disadvantage is that the cause of phenomena (i. e. , symptom substation) cannot be located. In addition, another setback is that not all individuals can be hypnotized when using hypnosis in the therapy especially (Kaplan, 1994, p. 431). Reference: Bachar, Eytan, Yael Latzer,Shulamit Kreitler, & Elliot Berry 1999. Empirical comparison of two psychological therapies: Self Psychology and Cognitive Orientation in the treatment of Anorezia and Bulimia. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research. American Psychiatric Association 8:115-128, Freud, Sigmund. [1901] 1990. The psychopathology of everyday life. New York. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Halonen, JS and JW Santrock, 1996. Psychology: Contexts of Behavior, Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark, p. 810. Hilgard, ER, RR Atkinson, and RC Atkinson 1983. Introduction to Psychology. 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanich, Inc. Hurlok, E. B. 1964. Child Development. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behaviroal Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Kasl-Godley, Julia 2000. Psychosocial intervention for individuals with dementia: An integration of theory, therapy, and a clinical understanding of dementia. Clinical Psychological Review. Vol. 20(6). Leahey, B. B. 1995. Psychology: An Introduction. Iowa: WCB Brown and Benchmark. Rathus, S. A. 1990. Psychology 4th ed. Orlando Fl. : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Sdorow, L. M. 1995. Psychology, 3rd ed. Dubuque, IA:WCB Brown and Benchmark Publishers Santrock, J. W. 2000. Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. ________ Models of abnormality http://intranet1. sutcol. ac. uk:888/NEC/MATERIAL/PDFS/PSYCHO/ASPSYCHO/23U2_T5. PDF Part II. Integration Section A. Introduction Nowhere is counseling more relevant than the conditions and dilemmas faced by man today. The Bible mentions about the the fears that assail humans then during the early days, and which will be experienced also as time draws to a close. Jeremiah 17:8 implies about the kind of fear which some if not many, will succumb â€Å"when heat comes† (RSV). This illustrates as well that the stressful days are but natural to one’s existence; an affliction to being born into a fallen world. Ephesians 2 is even more clear what befalls on a person who is â€Å"dead in trespasses and sins† (KJV); he is subject to the dictates of a world system (v. 2a, KJV), being in the clutches of the evil spirit (v. 2b, KJV), and awaits the anger that God has on them (v. 3, KJV). All these may position any individual to a life of anxiety, depression, wrongful habits ((v. 3, KJV), substance abuse and other addictions that definitely determine the deterioration of overall mental and physical health. The functioning therefore of any person may be compromised and taxed to the limits, producing individuals who are abusive and getting abused. When not operating in optimal condition, man is sure to experience what psychology tends to diagnose and label as malfunctioning and maladjusted; at worst, the evidence of mental institutions’ existence only shows how this truth has long been spoken about in the Bible. Hence, the Bible becoming more relevant, and a theologically and scientifically trained counselor is even more needed these days. In the field of counselling, the primary considerations that those in the field who are practicing directly or indirectly have something to do with the previously held belief system, or the worldview or philosophy behind the notion of human behaviour. This goes to say that one who ventures into the business of healing and curing emotions and psychological problems must get into a thorough understanding of his/her personal approach to the study of human behaviour. The counselor seeks to explain human nature, the issue of sin or prbably emphasizing or reducing the Scriptural mandate and God’s verdict (whichever side he/she is on), and which eventually dictates intervention strategies, if any. It is even bold as to say that counseling in whatever front is basically â€Å"religious† in nature because in the end, what is upheld or emphasized by the counselor expresses deep-rooted philosophy or religious beliefs. The paper thus seeks to present a personal understanding of how practice in counseling is believed to be done considering the personal qualities, depth and realizations of Biblical truths (this is pre-eminent), and many of the nitty-gritty concepts that comprise the practice of counseling in one’s context. Being in contemporary America, with the recent economic meltdown that leave many surprised and shocked of the reduction of most of their economic capabilities to barely the minimum, being relevant as a counselor is not only a necessity, but it is the very important ingredient to helping many survive with their mental faculties intact. Therefore, this paper makes bold assumptions about human nature in general, how this is addressed in various situations that the average man will be meeting, and how growth (which is interpreted as a positive direction the individual will take) in all areas of his existence may take place. B. Psychoanalytic therapy Leading figures Primary importance is given into the development of one of the most influential disciplines in the world today and that is psychology. This is due to the fact that psychology seemed almost foremost in virtually every kind of decision making process that man makes. Because of this serious biblical ministers and/or scholars or theologians have long studied these effects and have come up with their answers and with their verdict. A Brief History of Modern Psychology by Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. (2006, p. 23) starts to trace the roots of psychology when Wundt, in 1879, initiated what is now recognized as the first psychology laboratory. The author Benjamin satisfies the reader on what made the psychology today a very much pursued subject of interest as well as a career. Tackling on the lives of the people foremost in this discipline, the book made an otherwise boring and usually uninteresting subject matter into an exciting topic any student will be able to handle. The author mentioned details of the pioneers’ lives and the social milieu that characterized their lives and culture during their day which in all realistic evaluation had made its contribution to what their theoretical perspectives had developed. Other important highlights include the development of psychological tests and assessment techniques that Stanford and Binet spearheaded among others. The following narrative on one of psychology’s key players and foremost in what is now known as the â€Å"first force† in the field gives the reader the importance of their contribution to cotemporary psychology (Benjamin, 2006, p. 76). -Freud, Sigmund Viennese neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis (1856-1939) took his medical degree at the University of Vienna in 1881 and planned a specialist’s career in neurology. Lack of means forced him to abandon his research interests for a clinical career. His interest in what was to become psychoanalysis developed during his collaboration with Josef Breuer in 1884, which resulted in Studies in Hysteria, The Interpretation of Dreams appeared in 1900, Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex in 1905, and the General Introduction to Psychoanalysis in 1916 – a book which contained the evolving theory of the libido and the unconsciousness, in subsequent years, Freud’s outlook became increasingly broad as revealed by the titles of his later works (Benjamin, 2006, p. 54). C. Psychoanalytic Theory The psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and unconscious struggles within person. These usually involve conflicts between our need to satisfy basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. Not all those who take a Psychodynamic approach accept all of Freud’s original ideas, but most would view normal or problematic behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. This paper attempts to distinguish itself in trying to not only understand the theory that Freud pioneered and polished by some of his faithful followers but especially determine the extent of its usefulness in explaining and treating abnormal behavior.. It is the aim of the author to present in precis a description and explanation of the psychodynamic approach and its usefulness in the context of abnormal behavior (Kaplan, 1994, p. 657). To interpret the theoretical framework of Freud in the context of the Christian religion or Biblical Christianity is essential in order to discover whether their fundamental teachings can mix well in mainstream Christianity. Freud taught about the personality constructs of id, ego and superego; about free association, instincts (life and death); his very controversial psychosexual stages of oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital; the fixation and cathexis concepts. In general this is a theory of personality dynamics which is aimed at the motivational and emotional components of personality. It sounds good that according to Freud, man inherits the life and death instincts (libido and mortido). In the Biblical perspective, however, all these concepts are traceable to the sinful nature which all human species have inherited from the first couple Adam and Eve. In some portions of the Biblical record (Roman 5:12), Adam is said to be the federal head and from him has proceeded both sinful nature, which is inherent in all men, and death – which is the Fall’s eventual outcome. The Bible highlights sin as the main problem of all of the manifestations of abnormality as reflected or manifested in the psyche or human behavior (Bobgan, 1987, p. 543). This theory discounts religion’s God’s pre-eminence, sovereignty and will, and active role in a person’s life. It also discounts man’s ultimate accountability before an almighty God. Moreover, it discounts many of the fundamentals that the Bible teaches, like sin and repentance, just Freud’s other followers propounded (Bobgan, 1987, p. 544). Fundamentally, environment is not to be blamed. Nothing could be more accurate than stating it in exactly the same manner that the Apostle has echoed the true state of affairs. It is somehow true to say, â€Å"It’s all up in the mind. † People violate neighbors because first they have violated the laws of God. And so, â€Å"In the futility of their mind, having their understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God, because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart; who, being past feeling, have given themselves over to lewdness, to work all uncleanness with greediness† (Eph. 4:17-19). As daily news in the headlines air everyday, and practically speaking, people have made it their daily business to work driven by greed, never minding what they leave behind in their wake. Because the fight has long been lost – which is in the level of consciousness – everyone now is at the mercy of chance, relationally, in this world. And it goes both ways. Many of the disorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple childhood developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freud’s camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994, p. 76, 98, 456). I. The Psychodynamic concepts A. Theory of Instincts Libido, Narcissism, Instincts and Pleasure & Reality Principles. Freud employed â€Å"libido† to denote to that â€Å"force by which the sexual instinct is represented in the mind. † This concept is quite â€Å"crude† or raw in its form hence this refers far more than coitus. Narcissism was developed by Freud as his explanation of people who happened to have lost libido and found that in the pre-occupation of the self or the ego, like in the cases of dementia praecox or schizophrenia. Persons afflicted with this mental illness appeared to have been reserved or withdrawing from other people or objects. This led Freud to conclude that a loss of contact with reality is usually common among such patients. The libido that he conceptualized as innate in every person is herein explained as invested somewhere else and that is precisely the role of self-love or narcissism in the life of one afflicted. The occurrence of narcissism is not only among people with psychoses but also with what he calls neurotic persons or in normal people especially when undergoing conditions such as a physical disease or sleep. Freud explains further that narcissism exists already at birth hence, one can expect realistically that newborn babies are wholly narcissistic (Sdorow, 1995, p. 67). Freud classified instincts into different distinguishing dimensions namely: ego instincts, aggression, and life and death instincts. Ego instincts are the self-preservative aspects within the person, while aggression is a separate construct or structure of the mind which is not a part of the self-preservative nature of the human mind. Its source is found in the muscles while its objective is destruction. Life and death instincts called Eros and Thanatos are forces within the person that pulls in opposite directions. Death instinct is a more powerful force than life instinct (Rathus, 1988, p. 55). The pleasure and reality principles are distinct ideas that help understand the other aspects of Freud’s theory. The latter is largely a learned function and important in postponing the need to satisfy the self (Sdorow, 1995, p. 98). B. Topographical theory of the mind Much like real physical mapping or description of a land area, the topographical theory appeared as attempt to designate areas of the mind into regions; the unconscious, the preconscious, and the conscious. The Unconscious mind is shrouded in mystery (Kaplan, 1994). It is the repository of repressed ideas, experiences and/or affects that are primary considerations when the person is in therapy or treatment. It contains biological instincts such as sex and aggression. Some unconscious urges cannot be experienced consciously because mental images and words could not portray them all in their color and fury. Other unconscious urges may be kept below the surface by repression. It is recognized as inaccessible to consciousness but can become conscious by means of the preconscious. Its content is confined to wishes seeking fulfilment and may provide the motive force for the formation of dream and neurotic symptoms. In other words, unconscious forces represent wishes, desires or thoughts, that, because of their disturbing or threatening content, we automatically repress and cannot voluntarily access (Santrock, 2000, p. 43). The Preconscious is a region of the mind which is not inborn but developed only when childhood stage is beginning to emerge. The preconscious mind contains elements of experience that presently out of awareness but are made conscious simply by focusing on them. Freud labelled the region that poked through into the light of awareness as the Conscious part of the mind. Conscious thoughts are wishes, desires, or thoughts that we are aware of, or can recall, at any given moment. It is closely related in understanding as that of the organ of attention operating with the preconscious. With attention the individual is able to perceive external stimuli. However, Freud theorized that our conscious thoughts are only a small part of our total mental activity, much of which involves unconscious thoughts or forces (Leahey, 1995, p. 433). C. Structural Theory of the Mind Freud conceptualized the mind into what is called as three provinces equivalent to its functions: the id, ego and superego. The id is that aspect which only looks forward to gratifying any of its desires and without any delay. The ego is the structure of the mind which begins to develop during the first year of life, largely because a child’s demands for gratification cannot all be met immediately. The ego â€Å"stands for reason and good sense† (Freud, 1901, p. 22), for rational ways of coping with frustrations. It curbs the appetites of the id and makes plans that are compatible with social convention so that a person can find gratification yet avert the censure of others. In contrast to the id’s pleasure, the ego follows the reality principle. The reality principle has a policy of satisfying a wish or desire only if there is a socially acceptable outlet available (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). The superego develops throughout early childhood, usually incorporating the moral standards and value of parents and important members of the community through identification. The superego holds forth shining examples of an ideal self and also acts like the conscience, an internal moral guardian. Throughout life, the superego monitors the intentions of the ego and hands out judgment of right and wrong. It floods the ego with feelings of guilt and shame when the verdict is negative (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). As children learn that they must follow rules and regulations in satisfying their wishes, they develop a superego. The superego, which is Freud’s third division of the mind, develops from the ego during early childhood (Hurlock, 196, p. 66). Through interactions with the parents or caregivers, a child develops a superego by taking on or incorporating the parents’ or caregivers’ standards, values, and rules. The superego’s power is in making the person feel guilty if the rules are discovered; the pleasure-seeking, id wants to avoid feeling guilty. It is motivated to listen to the superego as a moral guardian or conscience that is trying to control the id’s wishes and impulses (Hilgard, et al, 1979). From the Freudian perspective, a healthy personality has found ways to gratify most of the id’s demands without seriously offending the superego. Most of the id’s remaining demands are contained or repressed. If the ego is not a good problem solver or if the superego is too stern, the ego will have a hard time of it (Halonen et al, 1996, p. 43). D. Therapeutic goals Sigmund Freud offered a psychoanalytic viewpoint on the diagnosis and understanding of a person’s mental health. Other perspectives, the behavioristic paradigm offers to see this in a different light. The psychoanalytic perspective emphasizes childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious mind in determining future behavior and in explaining and understanding current based on past behavior. Basing on his personality constructs of the Id, Ego and the Superego, Freud sees a mentally healthy person as possessing what he calls Ego strength. On the other hand, the behavior therapist sees a person as a â€Å"learner† in his environment, with the brain as his primary organ of survival and vehicle for acquiring his social functioning. With this paradigm, mental health is a result of the environment’s impact on the person; he learns to fear or to be happy and therein lies the important key in understanding a person’s mental state. Considering that the achievement and maintenance of mental health is one of the pursuits of psychology, the following is a brief outline of what psychologists would endorse a healthy lifestyle. The individual must consider each of the following and incorporate these in his/her day to day affairs: 1. The Medical doctor’s viewpoint – well-being emphasis than the illness model 2. The Spiritual viewpoint- a vital spiritual growth must be on check. 3. The Psychologist’s viewpoint- emotional and relationship factors in balance. 4. The Nutritionist’s viewpoint – putting nutrition and health as top priority. 5. The Fitness Expert’s viewpoint- Exercise as part of a daily regimen. The theory I have in mind then is an amalgamation of several approaches, primarily the integration of the Christian worldview and the theories set forth by Cognitive-behaviorists and psychoanalytic models, and biological/physical continuum. There are other good models but a lot of reasons exist why they cannot be â€Å"good enough;† a lot depends on my own personality. Being authentic to who you are, your passion, is effectively communicated across an audience whether it is a negative or positive one. The basic way of doing the â€Å"amalgamation† or integration is that the Christian worldview takes precedence over the rest of the approaches. Although many of the concepts and premises of each theory mentioned are sound and at times efficacious, when it clashes with the faith-based theory, the former must give way to the latter. It is understood then, that I thoroughly examined each of the theory and set them against the backdrop of spirituality. Interpreting a problem that a client suffers for instance, entails that the theoretical viewpoint that I am convinced with, has better chances of properly understanding the maladjustments that the client had been suffering. To come up with the balanced worldview (an integration in other words), the balance between the realms mentioned, including the true frame of human individuals and the true nature of God (or theology) are properly considered. Thoroughly accepting the fact that there is no contest between the natural and the spiritual; only that troubles arise when one realm is overemphasized at the expense of another. This thin line or slight tension between the two levels is best expressed in the personhood of Jesus Christ, who was a perfect man as well as God. If we start to equate ourselves with that notion (which is usually happening) and we start to think that we are balanced, then we surely lack understanding or real self-awareness of the fact that we are deeply and seriously out of balance and this is one reason why we need help. ~ What are your general goals in therapy? Christian counseling admittedly embraces in reality, a basic integration of the biblical precepts on the view of man and psychology’s scientific breakthroughs in addressing the dilemmas that beset human individuals. Depending on the persuasion of the practitioner, especially whether he or she comes from either the purely theological or â€Å"secular† preparation, Christian counseling can either lean to certain degrees of theology or psychology. According to Larry Crabb, â€Å"If psychology offers insights which will sharpen our counseling skills and increase our effectiveness, we want to know them. If all problems are at core spiritual matters we don’t want to neglect the critically necessary resources available through the Lord by a wrong emphasis on psychological theory† (Crabb in Anderson et al, 2000). Dr. Crabb’s position certainly ensures that science in particular, has its place in counseling in as much as theology does. He made sure that all means are addressed as the counselor approaches his profession, especially in the actual conduction of both the diagnostic and therapeutic or intervention phases (Crabb in Anderson et al. , 2000). Trauma inducing and crisis triggering situations have spiraled its occurrence and in its primacy in the US and in many other countries in recent years. Its broad spectrum ranges from the national disaster category such as that of Hurricane Katrina or the 911 terrorist strikes in New York, Spain and England, to private instances such as a loved one’s attempt at suicide, the murder of a spouse or child, the beginning of mental illness, and the worsening situation of domestic violence (Teller et al, 2006). The acute crisis episode is a consequence of people who experience life-threatening events and feel overwhelmed with difficulty resolving the inner conflicts or anxiety that threaten their lives. They seek the help of counselors, paramedics and other health workers in crisis intervention centers to tide them over the acute episodes they are encountering. These are defining moments for people and must be adequately addressed else they lead lives with dysfunctional conduct patterns or disorders (Roberts et al, 2006). In the integrated or eclectic approach the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client. Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not always be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned in the preceding pages is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but neither is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative effects in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in leading or facilitating the changes or modifications. It is very much essential that (in the perspective of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the recurring or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue will be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic approach utilized. It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e. g. , learning principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a combination of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al. , 2007; Corey, 2004). E. Summary Every theoretical approach has its own assumptions. In the psychodynamic theory, the following three assumptions help guide a student of human behavior or an expert in this field determine the underlying factors that explain the overt manifestations of specific behaviors. These assumptions therefore, help guide the diagnosis of the presence or absence of mental illness. They are the same assumptions that guide the therapist in choosing what treatment that will better help heal, cure or alleviate the symptoms. These assumptions are: – â€Å"There are instinctive urges that drive personality formation. † – â€Å"Personality growth is driven by conflict and resolving anxieties. † – â€Å"Unresolved anxieties produce neurotic symptoms† (Source: â€Å"Models of abnormality†, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). The goals of treatment here include to alleviate patient of the symptoms is to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychoanalytic therapy is â€Å"to make the unconscious conscious to the patient† (â€Å"Models of abnormality†, National Extension College Trust, Ltd). Employing the psychodynamic viewpoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, or neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. Reference: Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA. Corey, Gerald. 2001. The Art of Integrative Counseling. Article 29: â€Å"Designing an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice† Retrieved May 9, 2009 in < http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas04/29. pdf> Crabb, Larry, 2000. Found in Anderson et al resource. Christ-centered therapy. http://books. google. com/books? id=Rn-f2zL01ZwC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=effective+biblical+counseling+by+larry+crabb+critique&source=web&ots=WFVYLIqP1n&sig=MqIhqE_XfGzIQODAKV5iMPjqz14#PPA19,M1 Davison, Gerald C. and John M. Neale. 2001. Abnormal Psychology. Eighth ed. John & Wiley Sons, Inc. Ellis, Albert 2001. Overcoming Destructive Beliefs, Feelings, and Behaviors: New Directions for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. Prometheus Books Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Benjamin, Ludy T. Jr. 2006. A brief history of Psychology. Wiley-Blackwell; 1 edition. Bobgan, Martin & Deidre. 1987. Psychology: Science or Religion? From Psychoheresy: The psychological seduction of Christianity. Eastgate Publishers. Retrieved May 6, 2009. http://www. rapidnet. com/~jbeard/bdm/Psychology/psych. htm Boring, Edwin G. et. al. 1948. Foundat

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Animal Rights and the Dominant Worldview toward Animals Essay

Our world today is becoming less and less aware of the pain and suffering being inflicted on animals. In outcome, animals are becoming even more and more tarred in society. Humans have and is continuing to handle animals as if they are some kind of material goods. This is considered as being immoral, as animals have their own lives, and they think, have feelings, can feel pain, require love, have families, and everything else that humans possess. The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The Declaration sets out â€Å"a common standard of achievement† for all people and all nations. Even so the nation have pledged to recognize this declaration, still many people throughout the†¦show more content†¦He believes that animals were no more than â€Å"complicated biological robots† (BCC 3). Ilana Mercer holds the same worldview as Descartes, but has different arguments. She argues similarly that there are no rights for animals and that â€Å"unlike human beings, animals by their nature are not moral agents. They possess no free will, no capacity to tell right from wrong, and cannot reflect on their actions, while they often act quite wonderfully their motions are merely a matter of conditioning† (2). To support Mercer, Cargile quotes, â€Å"a human has as much right to eat meat as a hawk or a fox does† (James 13). He considers that it is quite natural to eat animals and use animal products and that we have no moral qualms about doing so (James 13). Neil Schulman also holds a dominant worldview and asserts that the ‘animal rights’ movement is relying upon a logical fallacy which is based on commonly restricted premises. The first premise is that â€Å"human beings are no different from other animals, with no divine or elevated nature which makes us distinct† (1) Second, human beings are â€Å"ethically bound not to use other animals for their own selfish purposes† (1) He completely goes against these arguments and directly states that animal rights do not exist in any case (1). Lee, who also holds a dominant worldview prolongs that animals do notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Animal Rights across the World1911 Words   |  8 Pagesand suffering being inflicted on animals. As the outcome, animals are becoming even further tarred in society. Humans have and are continuing to handle animals as if they are some kind of material goods. This is considered as being immoral, as animals have their own lives, and they think, have feelings, can feel pain, require love, happiness, and everything else that humans have. As for human rights, it’s always uncertain. 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